CRISPR interference: RNA-directed adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
CRISPR Systems: RNA-Guided Defence Mechanisms in Bacteria and Archaea
Viruses are responsible for 4 to 50% destruction of bacterial and archaeal communities (Breitbart and Rohwer, 2005; Rohwer and Thurber, 2009) and the selective pressures imposed by these rapidly evolving viruses (parasites) has driven the diversification of microbial defence systems. Previously our understanding of antiviral immune systems in bacteria has focused on encounter blocks, adsorption...
متن کاملCRISPR-mediated adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea.
Effective clearance of an infection requires that the immune system rapidly detects and neutralizes invading parasites while strictly avoiding self-antigens that would result in autoimmunity. The cellular machinery and complex signaling pathways that coordinate an effective immune response have generally been considered properties of the eukaryotic immune system. However, a surprisingly sophist...
متن کاملCRISPR-Cas systems in bacteria and archaea: versatile small RNAs for adaptive defense and regulation.
Bacteria and archaea have evolved defense and regulatory mechanisms to cope with various environmental stressors, including virus attack. This arsenal has been expanded by the recent discovery of the versatile CRISPR-Cas system, which has two novel features. First, the host can specifically incorporate short sequences from invading genetic elements (virus or plasmid) into a region of its genome...
متن کاملCRISPR adaptive immune systems of Archaea
CRISPR adaptive immune systems were analyzed for all available completed genomes of archaea, which included representatives of each of the main archaeal phyla. Initially, all proteins encoded within, and proximal to, CRISPR-cas loci were clustered and analyzed using a profile-profile approach. Then cas genes were assigned to gene cassettes and to functional modules for adaptation and interferen...
متن کاملCRISPR/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea.
Microbes rely on diverse defense mechanisms that allow them to withstand viral predation and exposure to invading nucleic acid. In many Bacteria and most Archaea, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) form peculiar genetic loci, which provide acquired immunity against viruses and plasmids by targeting nucleic acid in a sequence-specific manner. These hypervariable l...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature Reviews Genetics
سال: 2010
ISSN: 1471-0056,1471-0064
DOI: 10.1038/nrg2749